HTML5 ENTITIES CHAPTER 20

20th TUTORIAL ON HTML ENTITIES


Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities.

HTML Entities

Some characters are reserved in HTML.

If you use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags.

Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML.

A character entity looks like this:

&entity_name;

OR

&#entity_number;

To display a less than sign (<) we must write: &lt; or &#60;

 

 

Advantage of using an entity name: An entity name is easy to remember.
Disadvantage of using an entity name: Browsers may not support all entity names, but the support for numbers is good.

Some Other Useful HTML Character Entities

Result

Description

Entity Name

Entity Number

non-breaking space

&nbsp;

&#160;

< 

less than

&lt;

&#60;

> 

greater than

&gt;

&#62;

&

ampersand

&amp;

&#38;

"

double quotation mark

&quot;

&#34;

'

single quotation mark (apostrophe)

&apos;

&#39;

¢

cent

&cent;

&#162;

£

pound

&pound;

&#163;

¥

yen

&yen;

&#165;

€

euro

&euro;

&#8364;

©

copyright

&copy;

&#169;

®

registered trademark

&reg;

&#174;

Note: Entity names are case sensitive.


Combining Diacritical Marks

A diacritical mark is a "glyph" added to a letter.

Some diacritical marks, like grave (  ̀) and acute (  ́) are called accents.

Diacritical marks can appear both above and below a letter, inside a letter, and between two letters.

Diacritical marks can be used in combination with alphanumeric characters to produce a character that is not present in the character set (encoding) used in the page.

Here are some examples:

Mark

Character

Construct

Result

 ̀

a

a&#768;

à

 ́

a

a&#769;

á

̂

a

a&#770;

â

 ̃

a

a&#771;

ã

 ̀

O

O&#768;

Ò

 ́

O

O&#769;

Ó

̂

O

O&#770;

Ô

 ̃

O

O&#771;

Õ


 

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